6.858 Spring 2018 Final assignment: Project

If you choose to do a project, you get to choose what to build, subject to our approval. The project may be done individually, or you can form a group of 2 to 3 6.858 students to collaborate on the project. We encourage students to work in groups, as this often enables more interesting projects. You'll turn in your code and a short write-up describing the design and implementation of your project, and make a short in-class presentation about your work. We will post your write-up and code on the web site after the end of the semester, unless you explicitly talk to us about why you want to keep yours confidential.

The primary requirement for project ideas is that they are interesting. They should also be at least tangentially related to security, and should be of similar size and difficulty as the final lab. Below, we give some half-baked ideas that we believe could turn into interesting projects. Each one requires some measure of scoping and refinement before they would be suitable as a final project

We encourage final projects that leverage multiple classes you might be taking, or that involve other research or projects you are already working on. For example, if you are also taking 6.824 or 6.857, it would be fine with us to have a single project that counts for both 6.858 and another class. Same for other upper-level course-6 classes or MEng and AUP projects.

Most of the final projects from last year are posted here.

Deliverables

There are four steps to doing a final project; they are as follows:

1. Project proposal. Discuss your proposed idea with course staff before the proposal deadline of March 24th to flesh out the exact problem you will be addressing, how you will go about doing it, and what tools you might need in the process. Remember: project ideas must be approved by us to be eligble for class credit! By the proposal deadline, you must submit a one-to-two-page proposal to the submission web site describing: your group members list, the problem you want to address, how you plan to address it, and what are you proposing to specifically design and implement.
2. Project presentation. Prepare a short in-class presentation about the work that you have done for your final project. We will provide a projector that you can use for slides, demos, etc. Depending on the number of groups and the kinds of projects that each group chooses, we may decide to limit the total number of presentations, and some groups might end up not presenting in class.
3. Write-up and code. Write a document describing the design and implementation of your project, and turn it in along with your project's code by May 12th. The document should be about 2-3 pages of text that helps us understand what problem you solved, and what your code does. The code and writeups will be posted online after the end of the semester. Take a look at the list of writeups from past years (2013, 2014, 2015) to get a sense of what this writeup should look like.

A note about attack-oriented projects

If you are interested in a more attack-oriented final project, your goal for this project is to pick an interesting service provided by MIT's IS&T (or any other computing service at MIT, such as those provided by SIPB), and try to find vulnerabilities in it. We will judge your project based on what kinds of vulnerabilities you find. Beware that there's no guarantee of success with this (or any other attack-oriented) project, because you may accidentally choose a very secure service, and might end up finding no vulnerabilities, which can potentially result in a failing grade. However, if you have an interesting approach to finding vulnerabilities (e.g., you have designed a new tool for finding bugs), you may receive a good grade even without finding real vulnerabilities.

IMPORTANT: In any attack-oriented project, you must be very careful to avoid disrupting existing services, inconveniencing users of those services, compromising the security of that service, or taking advantage of any vulnerabilities you find. If you are ever in doubt, please get in touch with us. If you discover real vulnerabilities in a service, please get in touch both with the operators of that service and with us. Please don't exploit the vulnerability to gain any additional privileges on a service, and don't announce it widely before the service operators have a chance to understand it.

Your grade in this project depends on how interesting the vulnerabilities are that you have found, or how interesting the techniques are that you used to discover those vulnerabilities. For example, obtaining passwords through traditional brute-forcing techniques is not interesting. The general scale of work expected should be comparable to the amount of work involved in solving the final lab. Of course, much of your work will involve reading and understanding an existing system, and carefully constructing proof-of-concent exploits to demonstrate the vulnerabilities that you discovered, and the total amount of resulting code may be minimal; think back to how much time you spent on lab 1, and how many lines of code your final exploits were.

Here is a list of services that might be interesting targets for security evaluation as part of this project:

• AFS
• Kerberos
• Moira
• MIT's wireless network
• MIT CA infrastructure
• Touchstone
• scripts.mit.edu
• sql.mit.edu
• Stellar
• WebSIS
• IS&T Web APIs and Mobile APIs
• MIT mobile
• XVM
• Athena dialup machines
• MIT's Exchange mail servers
• The 6.858 submission web site
• MIT OpenID Connect
• MIT ID cards, though check out prior work

If you are interested in looking for bugs in MIT's newly developed APIs or OpenID Connect, several folks at IS&T have volunteered to help you get started: Chris Giles <csgiles@mit.edu>, Stephen Buckley <sbuckley@mit.edu>, and Thomas Hardjono <hardjono@mit.edu>.

Half-baked project ideas

We encourage you to come up with your own ideas for what you would like to work on, but if you're looking for inspiration, what follows is a list of ideas that could turn into good final projects:

• Sandbox various programs using Seccomp-BPF, AppArmor, or something else. This issue could be used as motivation.
• Get the concolic execution system from lab 3 to work on real-world Python web applications, and try to find real bugs.
• Port the concolic execution system from lab 3 to a different language (e.g., Go).
• Build a security-sensitive application on SGX or port an existing application to SGX.
• Build static analysis tools for finding bugs in smart contracts, or design a better language for smart contracts.
• Write an interesting web application in Ur/Web.
• Ed25519 is a new public-key signature system. It is used to sign releases in OpenBSD and to sign configuration updates in Vuvuzela. Build a hardware token for ed25519 private keys that accepts a message to sign as input, asks the user for confirmation, and returns a signature on that message. The hardware token could be implemented with Arduino, or a Nano Ledger S, or as an iOS/Android app.
• Modify Linux to keep track of the last process and user that modified each file. Perhaps log a warning or raise an alarm when a file is modified by an application that hasn't written to that file before.
• Build a static analysis tool to find bugs in real web applications. It would be great to have a static analysis tool for Python programs, even if it's not perfectly sound, much like the PHP static analysis tool we discussed in lecture. In addition to the standard XSS bugs, can you find bugs where application developers forget to perform permission checks, or inadvertently leak sensitive data? Such a tool might also be useful to find non-security bugs in Python programs. One existing tool that's quite limited is PyLint.
• Find bugs in real C code. Take a look at some recent research papers on finding real bugs in the Linux kernel and other C-based programs, involving integer errors or undefined behavior. We can give you access to our source code to these tools; you can apply them to existing software to see what bugs you can find, and also think about ways to extend the tools to make them more accurate, to make them find other kinds of bugs, etc.
• Extend program analysis tools used by Linux kernel developers, such as sparse and smatch, to catch different kinds of bugs in the kernel.
• Use the KLEE symbolic execution system to build an analysis tool that finds interesting bugs in C programs.
• Explore the extent to which covert channels / side channels matter, e.g. in shared VMs like EC2, vs. shared OS, vs. other environments. See this paper for some background information.
• Add Capsicum support to Linux. There has been some recent work toward capsicum on linux proposed here.
• Port an interesting application to use Capsicum (on FreeBSD).
• Build an interesting application on top of Webathena (site, code), or extend it to support non-DES enctypes (AES, etc).
• Implement progressive authentication: instead of requiring the user to log in to do anything, require different levels of credentials for specific tasks. For example, on Athena, perhaps running a web browser should not require any credentials, but accessing your personal files (or your browser accessing your google.com cookie that gives access to gmail) should require your Kerberos password, etc. The same would apply on an Android phone: checking the weather or the map should not require any credentials, but accessing the mail app should prompt for a PIN, swipe pattern, or password. A paper from Microsoft Research might give you some things to think about, although it may not be worthwhile to implement all of the environment monitoring done in that work.
• Examine the security of Android applications. Look at some previous studies for inspiration (one, two).
• Improve sandboxing for Android applications. Is there something that you could do to prevent a malicious application from exploiting kernel bugs? Consider recent improvements to seccomp, using Linux KVM, or using Native Client.
• Look for weaknesses in random number generation, or improve the random number generation. Some hints for where to start: Mining your Ps and Qs, Boot-time Entropy, Ted T'so on Linux PRNG design, Theoretical weaknesses in the Linux PRNG.
• Audit interactions between Android applications, perhaps by tracing all intents sent via the reference monitor. When something goes wrong, can your system tell the user why an application might be broken?
• Implement an environmental key generation system.
• Provide more fine-grained network access control in Android, to protect an internal corporate network from possibly-malicious applications on a phone.
• Use DynamoRIO's binary instrumentation to implement some cool security mechanism for unmodified binaries. For example, you could implement a binary-level taint tracking system that prevents secret files from being sent out over the network. You can look at a previous lab we used to have involving DynamoRIO from a few years ago here.
• Use Resin's taint tracking for Python to enforce some interesting properties in zoobar.
• Find an interesting use for trusted hardware, and figure out how to expose trusted hardware safely to applications. Linux should already have a basic device driver for a TPM.
• Write a tool to help privilege-separating Python applications, and apply it to the Zoobar labs or other real applications.
• Implement more flexible protection mechanisms for Linux (so that any user can create additional protection domains -- sub-users -- to run code with less privileges, without having to be root). You can build upon a class project from a previous year, UserFS.
• Auditing support for web applications. For instance, suppose someone broke into your blog or forum, added a user account for themselves, changed permissions, and posted garbage messages. How can you track down all of the changes made by the attacker? Could be done with the help of a language runtime, such as Resin.
• The Tor Project has some ideas for possible Tor-related projects here.
• Analyze the Bitcoin transaction graph. How hard is it to anonymize Bitcoin exchanges? Here's one recent paper analyzing the Bitcoin data set, which might give you ideas for other things to try.